4 thoughts on “Why do chemicals in the laboratory use glass bottles”
Toni
Many chemicals are stored in also that can not be used for glass bottle, such as strong alkali solution such as sodium hydroxide, hydrofluoric acid, sodium silicate, etc. The standard of drugs for the bottle is an important branch of the pharmaceutical packaging standard system. Because the medicinal glass bottle should be directly exposed to drugs, some of them must be stored for a long time. The quality of the medicinal glass bottle is directly related to the quality of the drug and involves personal health and safety. Therefore, the standard of medicinal glass bottle has special and strict requirements. It is summarized to have the following characteristics: more systematic, comprehensive, enhance the selectivity of product standards, and overcomes the same products determined by the new standard of the product to the product. The principles of different standards formulating different standards have greatly expanded the scope of standard coverage, and the applicability and selectivity of various new drug special medicines on different glass materials and different performance products have been enhanced. Hurry up. For example, among the 8 medicinal glass bottle products covered by new standards, the standards of each product are divided into 3 categories according to the material and performance. The first type is borosilica glass, and the second type is low borosilica glass. Class is sodium and lime glass. Although a certain product of a certain type of material has not yet been produced, the standards of such products have been introduced, which solves the problem of lagging the standards for the normal production of products. Different grades, different performances, different uses and dosage medicines have more flexible and larger choice space for products and standards of different materials. Clarifying the definition of borosilica glass and borosilica glass international standard ISO 4802. 1-1988 "Water resistance on the surface of glassware, glass container part 1: Terrate and graded by Drop" " Sexual Glass) is defined as a glass containing tritenuxide (B-2O-3) 5-13 %(m/ m), but the ISO 12775 "Normal and Large-scale Glass Composition Classification and Test Methods" released in 1997 The borosilicon glass (including neutral glass) contains trice oxide (B-2O-3) greater than 8 %(m/ m). In accordance with the principle of glass classification in 1997, the glass material of the Chinese pharmaceutical glass bottle industry has been widely used in the past many years should not be called the borosilicon glass or neutral glass. Tests have proved that the glass granules of these materials and water resistance and internal surface water resistance tests are less than 1 and HC1, or at the edge of level 1 and 2. Practice also proves that some of these glass will have neutral unqualified or sliced phenomenon in use, but this type of glass has been produced in my country for many years. The new standard retains the glass of this material and stipulates its B-2O- The content of 3 should meet the requirements of 5-8 %(m/ m). It clearly defines that this kind of glass cannot be called borosilica glass (or neutral glass), and named it low borosilica glass. Actively adopt ISO standards, and comprehensively refer to the ISO standards and the industrial standards and pharmacodes of advanced countries such as the United States, Germany, and Japan, and combined with the actual situation of the Chinese pharmaceutical glass bottle industry. It reached the integration with international standards. Glass material type: There are 4 types of glass types in the new standard, including 2 species of borosilica glass, including 3.3 borosilica glass [α = (3. 3 ± 0. 1) × 10 (-6) K ( - 1) ] And 5. 0 neutral glass [α = (4 ～ 5) × 10 (-6) k (-1)], low borosilicon glass [α = (6. 2 ～ 7.5) × 10 (-6 ) K (-1)] 1 species, sodium and lipid glass [α = (7. 6 ～ 9. 0) × 10 (-6) k (-1)] L species, so there are 4 types of glass types in the material. Because sodium glass includes a large number of neutral surface treatment in actual production and applications, it is divided into 5 types according to the product. The above four types of glass types and 5 glass products include international standards, American Pharmacopoeia and my country's unique medicinal glass bottle. In addition, among the 8 types of products covered by standards, only Anji formulated two standards of "Bazilicon Glass" and "Low Braces and Silicon Glass", while only one α = (4 ～ 5 (4 ～ 5 5 "standards ) × 10 (-6) k (-1) 5. 0 borosilica glass without α = (3. 3 ± 0.1) × 10 (-6) k (-1) 3. 3 borosilize glass It is mainly because there is no such product internationally, and 3.3's softening points of boroxil glass are high, which makes it difficult to seal the pupa. In fact, the international standard has only one 5.0 borosilic glass bottle, without 3.3 borosilicon glass pupa and sodium and salt glass. Regarding my country's unique low borosilicon glass, in China, due to various reasons, 5. 0 borosilica glass has not yet formed a specific period of large -scale stable production. It can only be used as a transition product. In the end Glass and savory, develop 5. 0 borosilic glass, to achieve comprehensive integration with international standards and products as soon as possible. Glass material performance: The two types of thermal expansion coefficient α, 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3 boroxil glass and 5. 0 borosilica glass are completely consistent with international standards. Low borosilica glass is unique to my country, and international standards do not have such materials. Sodium and sodium glass ISO specifies α = (8 ～ 10) × 10 (-6) k (-1), and the new standard specifies α = (7. 6 ～ 9. 0) × 10 (-6) K (-1 1 ), The indicators are slightly stricter than international standards. Among the new standards, 3.3 borosilica glass, 5.0 borosilica glass and sodium and lime glass at 121 ° C granular water resistance are consistent with international standards. In addition, of the above three glass types, the provisions of chemical ingredients (B-2O-3) contents are also completely in line with international standards. Glass product performance: The indicators of water resistance, thermal shock resistance, and internal pressure on the product performance specified in the new standard are consistent with international standards. The ISO standard of the internal stress indicators stipulates that the Anxuan is 50nm/ mm, and the other products are 40nm/ mm. The new standards include 40nm/ mm, so the internal stress indicators of Anxuan are slightly higher than the ISO standard.
First of all, most of them do not react with glass; although sodium hydroxide can react with glass, the surface of the glass container is smooth and it is difficult to react. Therefore, the glass bottle that stores the sodium hydroxide solution uses rubber plugs, without rough glass plugs. Again, the glass bottle is transparent, and it is easy to see the shape of the medicine.
Sodium and salt glass. The main SIO2 content also contains 15 % of NA2O and 16 % CAO. Its cost is low, easy to form, suitable for large -scale production, and its output accounts for 90 % of practical glass. Can produce glass bottles, flat glass, utensils, light bulbs, etc.
Many chemicals are stored in
also that can not be used for glass bottle, such as strong alkali solution such as sodium hydroxide, hydrofluoric acid, sodium silicate, etc.
The standard of drugs for the bottle is an important branch of the pharmaceutical packaging standard system. Because the medicinal glass bottle should be directly exposed to drugs, some of them must be stored for a long time. The quality of the medicinal glass bottle is directly related to the quality of the drug and involves personal health and safety. Therefore, the standard of medicinal glass bottle has special and strict requirements. It is summarized to have the following characteristics: more systematic, comprehensive, enhance the selectivity of product standards, and overcomes the same products determined by the new standard of the product to the product. The principles of different standards formulating different standards have greatly expanded the scope of standard coverage, and the applicability and selectivity of various new drug special medicines on different glass materials and different performance products have been enhanced. Hurry up. For example, among the 8 medicinal glass bottle products covered by new standards, the standards of each product are divided into 3 categories according to the material and performance. The first type is borosilica glass, and the second type is low borosilica glass. Class is sodium and lime glass. Although a certain product of a certain type of material has not yet been produced, the standards of such products have been introduced, which solves the problem of lagging the standards for the normal production of products. Different grades, different performances, different uses and dosage medicines have more flexible and larger choice space for products and standards of different materials. Clarifying the definition of borosilica glass and borosilica glass international standard ISO 4802. 1-1988 "Water resistance on the surface of glassware, glass container part 1: Terrate and graded by Drop" " Sexual Glass) is defined as a glass containing tritenuxide (B-2O-3) 5-13 %(m/ m), but the ISO 12775 "Normal and Large-scale Glass Composition Classification and Test Methods" released in 1997 The borosilicon glass (including neutral glass) contains trice oxide (B-2O-3) greater than 8 %(m/ m). In accordance with the principle of glass classification in 1997, the glass material of the Chinese pharmaceutical glass bottle industry has been widely used in the past many years should not be called the borosilicon glass or neutral glass. Tests have proved that the glass granules of these materials and water resistance and internal surface water resistance tests are less than 1 and HC1, or at the edge of level 1 and 2. Practice also proves that some of these glass will have neutral unqualified or sliced phenomenon in use, but this type of glass has been produced in my country for many years. The new standard retains the glass of this material and stipulates its B-2O- The content of 3 should meet the requirements of 5-8 %(m/ m). It clearly defines that this kind of glass cannot be called borosilica glass (or neutral glass), and named it low borosilica glass. Actively adopt ISO standards, and comprehensively refer to the ISO standards and the industrial standards and pharmacodes of advanced countries such as the United States, Germany, and Japan, and combined with the actual situation of the Chinese pharmaceutical glass bottle industry. It reached the integration with international standards. Glass material type: There are 4 types of glass types in the new standard, including 2 species of borosilica glass, including 3.3 borosilica glass [α = (3. 3 ± 0. 1) × 10 (-6) K ( - 1) ] And 5. 0 neutral glass [α = (4 ～ 5) × 10 (-6) k (-1)], low borosilicon glass [α = (6. 2 ～ 7.5) × 10 (-6 ) K (-1)] 1 species, sodium and lipid glass [α = (7. 6 ～ 9. 0) × 10 (-6) k (-1)] L species, so there are 4 types of glass types in the material. Because sodium glass includes a large number of neutral surface treatment in actual production and applications, it is divided into 5 types according to the product. The above four types of glass types and 5 glass products include international standards, American Pharmacopoeia and my country's unique medicinal glass bottle. In addition, among the 8 types of products covered by standards, only Anji formulated two standards of "Bazilicon Glass" and "Low Braces and Silicon Glass", while only one α = (4 ～ 5 (4 ～ 5 5 "standards ) × 10 (-6) k (-1) 5. 0 borosilica glass without α = (3. 3 ± 0.1) × 10 (-6) k (-1) 3. 3 borosilize glass It is mainly because there is no such product internationally, and 3.3's softening points of boroxil glass are high, which makes it difficult to seal the pupa. In fact, the international standard has only one 5.0 borosilic glass bottle, without 3.3 borosilicon glass pupa and sodium and salt glass. Regarding my country's unique low borosilicon glass, in China, due to various reasons, 5. 0 borosilica glass has not yet formed a specific period of large -scale stable production. It can only be used as a transition product. In the end Glass and savory, develop 5. 0 borosilic glass, to achieve comprehensive integration with international standards and products as soon as possible. Glass material performance: The two types of thermal expansion coefficient α, 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3 boroxil glass and 5. 0 borosilica glass are completely consistent with international standards. Low borosilica glass is unique to my country, and international standards do not have such materials. Sodium and sodium glass ISO specifies α = (8 ～ 10) × 10 (-6) k (-1), and the new standard specifies α = (7. 6 ～ 9. 0) × 10 (-6) K (-1 1 ), The indicators are slightly stricter than international standards. Among the new standards, 3.3 borosilica glass, 5.0 borosilica glass and sodium and lime glass at 121 ° C granular water resistance are consistent with international standards. In addition, of the above three glass types, the provisions of chemical ingredients (B-2O-3) contents are also completely in line with international standards. Glass product performance: The indicators of water resistance, thermal shock resistance, and internal pressure on the product performance specified in the new standard are consistent with international standards. The ISO standard of the internal stress indicators stipulates that the Anxuan is 50nm/ mm, and the other products are 40nm/ mm. The new standards include 40nm/ mm, so the internal stress indicators of Anxuan are slightly higher than the ISO standard.
Most material does not respond to glass, so chemicals in the laboratory generally use glass bottles
First of all, most of them do not react with glass; although sodium hydroxide can react with glass, the surface of the glass container is smooth and it is difficult to react. Therefore, the glass bottle that stores the sodium hydroxide solution uses rubber plugs, without rough glass plugs. Again, the glass bottle is transparent, and it is easy to see the shape of the medicine.
Sodium and salt glass. The main SIO2 content also contains 15 % of NA2O and 16 % CAO. Its cost is low, easy to form, suitable for large -scale production, and its output accounts for 90 % of practical glass. Can produce glass bottles, flat glass, utensils, light bulbs, etc.